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National
Programs
Decision
No. 71/2001/QD-TTg dated May 4, 2001 by the Prime Minister on the
National Target Programmes in the 2001-2005 period
National Target Progam For Rural Water Supply And Sanitation (2006 - 2010) – Version November 2005
National
Programmes Conducted by MARD
I.
HUNGER ERADICATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION (HEPR) PROGRAMMES
1.
The national programme for HEPR and employment
2. Programme 135
3. The project for eradication and replacement of
opium crops
II.
THE FIVE MILLION HECTARE AFFORESTATION PROGRAM
III.
THE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
I. HUNGER
ERADICATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION (HEPR) PROGRAMMES 
1. The national
programme for HEPR and employment
1.1 Objectives:
- To reduce
the rate of poor households to below 10% (according to new criteria
for poor households); each year an averaged decrease of 1.5-2%
(equivalent approximately to 28,000-30,000 households per year);
to make sure that no chronic hunger can re-occur, and that poor
communes have sufficient essential and necessary infrastructure
facilities.
- Each year
to provide 1.4-1.5 million job opportunities; to reduce unemployment
rate in urban areas to below 6%, to increase the rate of using
working time in rural areas to more than 80%.
1.2 This
programme consists of 3 groups of projects: (1) The group
of projects on general HEPR; (2) The groups of projects on HEPR
for those poor communes that are not included in Programme 135,
and (3) The group of projects on jobs and employment.
1.3 The
need for invested capital for the entire programme 18.825
billion VND (excluding international Cupertino funds).
1.4 Distribution
of work: MOLISA will takes the main responsibility in implementation
of this programme. MARD has been assigned by the Government to take
the main responsibility in co-ordinating Government sectors and
agencies concerned and local governments for management and organisation
for implementation 5 projects (Decision No. 71/2000/QD-TTg dated
04 May 2001 by the Prime Minister) as follows:
(1) The project
for development of infrastructure in poor communes;
(2) The project
for supporting production and development of traditional trades
and professions in poor communes;
(3) The project
to provide guidance for poor people in income generation, agricultural
extension, forestry extension, fisheries extension;
(4) The project
for settlement of residence and farming in poor communes; and
(5) The project
for stabilisation of migrating people to new economic zones in
poor communes (including stabilisation of free migrating people,
migrating people to new economic zones, reallocation of population
according to established plans; projects under the old programme
773 belonging to the agricultural sector as regulated by the Prime
Minster at Official Document No. 1123/CP-NN dated 06 December
2000 regarding the reallocation of projects under programme 773).
2.
Programme 135:
“Socio-economic
development in 2.235 specially disadvantaged communes",
MARD has been assigned the tasks of implementing the following 2
projects:
(1) Planning
for stabilisation of populations;
(2) Stabilisation
and development of agro-forestry production linked to processing
and marketing products.
3.
The project for eradication and replacement of opium crops
under the main responsibility of MARD in co-ordination with the
Commission on Ethnic and Mountainous Areas, ministries, agencies
and 10 provinces concerned. The purposes of this project are to
basically eradicate the farming of opium crops and to assist the
socio-economic development in replacement so that eradication of
opium crops can be sustainable thus improving the people’s livelihood.
In 2001, opium
crops are still grown in 153 communes of 8 provinces covering an
area of 325 hectares (as compared with 16,000 hectares during 1992-1993).
The above-mentioned
tasks are focused on highlands, mountainous and remote areas. To
carry out these tasks, apart from effective integration of various
sources of funds, it is necessary to implement well the following
jobs:
- Policy
adjustments and revisions;
- To develop
scientific research and technology transfer in the high land and
mountainous areas;
- To train
agro-extension workers, technicians for poor communes; to provide
favourable conditions for their effective operations.
II. THE
FIVE MILLION HECTARE AFFORESTATION PROGRAM
1. General
objectives to the year 2010:
-
To plant 5 million hectare of forest as well as to protect the
existing forests in order to increase the coverage to 43%, contributing
to the environment security, alleviation of natural disasters,
increase of aquatic livability, conservation of genetic pools
and biodiversity.
-
To make efficient use of the wild land and bold hills to create
more jobs for labourers, contributing to hunger elimination and
poverty reduction, settlements, increase of the income for mountainous
inhabitants, socio-political stability, national defence and security,
especially in the border area.
-
To provide wood as materials for paper production, plywood to
meet the needs for woods and other forestry products for domestic
consumption and production for exports as well as to develop the
forestry processing industry in order to make forestry in important
economic sector, contributing to socio-economic development in
the mountainous areas.
2. Contents:
-
To well protect existing 10 million hectare of forests;
-
To delineate areas for reforestation and afforestation of additional
1 million hectare and another million hectare of protective and
special forests;
-
To provide favourable condition for farmers and businesses to
plant 3 million hectare of forests to provide materials for production:
forests to provide materials for production of paper, plywood,
timbers used in mining industry, forest of special trees of about
2 million hectare; perennial industrial crops and fruit trees
of about 1 million hectare; in addition to encourage people and
organisations to make full use of wild land to plant dispersed
trees.
3. Schedule:
-
1998 – 2000 period: To protect and afforest 700,000 hectare (of
which 260,000 hectare is protective forests), delineate areas
for reforestation and afforestation of additional 1 million hectare;
-
2001 – 2005 period: to afforest 1,3 million hectare (of which
350,000 hectare is protective forests), delineate areas for reforestation
and afforestation of additional 650,000 hectare;
-
2006 - 2010 period: afforest 2 million hectare (of which 930 hectare
is protective and special forests)
4. Structure
of investment capital:
-
Capital from the State budget;
-
Credit for investment capital (national credit fund for investment,
preferential credit sources, ODA and other sources of loans)
Achievements:
The first phase
of the project (1998 - 2000) has been completed with the following
outcomes:
-
Forest protection assignment 1,830 thousand-hectare equivalent
to 91.5% of the plan;
-
Delineation of areas for reforestation 412 thousand hectare equivalent
to 117% of the plan;
-
Forest care 1,072.2 thousand hectare, equivalent to 170 % of the
plan;
-
Afforestation: 514,3 thousand hectare equivalent to 74.2 % of
the plan
One of the
reasons why the first phase failed to meet its objectives as provided
by the Decision 661 is low budget allocation as compared with its
demand: The total demand for 3 years (1998-2000) was VND 1,484 billion
whereas the amount allocated by the budget was only VND 945 billion
(equivalent to 64.3 %). In addition, the markets, processing industry,
credits… were not favorable for farmers to plant economic forests.
Things
to be done:
The second
phase of the project (2001 - 2005) will have to well protect existing
natural forests; plant and replant protective forests; provide favorable
condition for farmers to speed up economic afforestation.
III. THE
NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
(Decision
No 104/2000/QD-TTg, dated August 25,2000 by the Prime Minister)
1. The
Program's objectives to the year 2020: All rural residents
will have assess to at least 60 litter/day of clean water in line
with the national standard, hygienic latrine and exercise personal
hygiene and keep the environment in villages and communes clean.
The Program's
objectives to the year 2010:85% of rural residents will have
assess to at least 60 day/day of clean water in line with the national
standard and 70% have assess to hygienic latrines and exercise personal
hygiene.
Objectives
(main focus) to the year 2005:
-
To provide enough clean water and hygienic latrines for all kindergartens,
schools, and other education institutions. Hospitals, clinic,
offices and markets in the rural areas;
-
To control the domestic farming, collective farming, and production
in craft villages in order to keep the environment clean
-
To prevent exhaustion, pollution of underground water, surface
water in pools, rivers, springs in order to preserve its quality...
2. Capital
demand: From 2000 to 2020, about VND 50,000 billion (USD
3.45 billion) will be needed.
Estimated
structure of investment capital: (1) Capital from the State
budget (including ODA), (2) other sources of capital (capital mobilised
from the people, various economic sectors, capital from the integration
into other national programs at the locality and (3) funding of
international organisations (including non-refundable assistance
and preferential credits).
As assigned
in the Decision No 237/1998/Q§-TTg, dated December 3, 2001, by the
Prime Minister, the MARD has co-operated with Ministries, provinces
and agencies to implement the Program and has achieve some initial
results:
- Develop
the components within the Program in order to ensure the feasibility
in terms of objectives, target groups, contents and measure for
the implementation of the program to the year 2005.
- Total amount
of mobilised capital: VND 1200 billion of which the State budget
account for VND 300 billion (25%), international organisations
for about VND 140 billion (11%), mobilisation from the people
and local budgets for VND 800 billion (64%).
- Clean water
supply: 65,000 water supply stations have been constructed (including
1000 concentration water supply stations), providing clean water
for about 6 million people; increasing the ratio of people having
access to clean water to 42 % in 2000 from 38% in 1998 (equivalent
to an annual increase of 5%). The capital from the State budget
and international organisations has been preferentially channelled
into extremely underprivileged communes in the high land, mountainous
areas, and islands… therefore; these areas enjoyed a high annual
growth rate of 12-16 %.
- Environmental
hygiene in the rural areas: many pilot models have been developed,
propaganda and education on pollution prevention and protection
of rural landscape have been conducted; many advanced technology
models on water supply and sanitation have been introduced; training
courses have been conducted for staff who directly implement the
project. In 2000, about 20% of the household (2.8 million households)
use hygienic latrines and 15% of the farming cages have met the
hygienic standards.
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